The Taxonomy of Logical Fallacies

Directions: Click on the nodes―the green dots―to expand or collapse the tree branches. Click on the name of a logical fallacy to go to the entry for that fallacy. Green nodes are clickable; purple nodes are not.

• Logical Fallacy

  • Formal Fallacy

    • Masked Man Fallacy
    • Syllogistic Fallacy

      • Illicit Process

        • Illicit Major
        • Illicit Minor
      • Exclusive Premisses
      • Affirmative Conclusion from a Negative Premiss
      • Negative Conclusion from Affirmative Premisses
      • Four Term Fallacy
    • Propositional Fallacy

      • Affirming the Consequent
      • Denying the Antecedent
      • Affirming a Disjunct
      • Commutation of a Conditional
      • Denying a Conjunct
      • Improper Transposition
    • Quantificational Fallacy

      • Existential Fallacy
      • Illicit Contraposition
      • Illicit Conversion
      • Some Are/Some are Not
    • Probabilistic Fallacy

      • Base Rate Fallacy
      • Conjunction Fallacy
      • Fallacy of the Sheep
      • Independence Fallacy

        • Gambler's Fallacy
      • Hot Hand Fallacy
      • Lottery Fallacy
      • Multiple Comparisons Fallacy
      • Over-Extrapolation
    • Modal Fallacy

      • Modal Scope Fallacy
    • Bad Reasons Fallacy

      • Fallacy Fallacy
  • Informal Fallacy

    • Accident
    • Appeal to Ignorance
    • Black-or-White Fallacy
    • One-sideness
    • Special Pleading
    • Over-precision
    • Over-generality
    • Vagueness

      • Fallacy of the Heap
    • Weak Analogy

      • Biased Sample

        • Hasty Generalization
        • Anecdotal Fallacy
    • Non Causa Pro Causa

      • Cum Hoc
      • Post Hoc
      • Regression Fallacy
      • Slippery Slope
      • Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy
    • Ambiguity

      • Amphiboly

        • Dangling Comparative
        • Scope Fallacy

          • Quantifier Shift
      • Equivocation

        • Ambiguous Middle
        • Redefinition

          • No True Scotsman
      • Quoting Out of Context
      • Accent
    • Red Herring

      • Genetic Fallacy

        • Ad Verecundiam

          • Appeal to Celebrity
        • Etymological Fallacy
        • Ad Hominem

          • Poisoning the Well
      • Two Wrongs Make a Right

        • Tu Quoque
      • Appeal to Consequences

        • Appeal to Force
      • Emotional Appeal

        • Wishful Thinking
      • Guilt by Association

        • Hitler Card
      • Straw Man
      • Bandwagon Fallacy
    • Begging the Question

      • Question-Begging Analogy
      • Loaded Words

        • Appeal to Nature

Acknowledgment: Thanks to Nicholas Joll for feedback.

Posted: 9/4/2025; Revised: 9/6/2025